Study of the gluonic quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders

The potential of the muon colliders open up new possibilities for the exploration of new physics beyond the Standard Model. It is worthwhile to investigate whether muon colliders are suitable for studying gluonic quartic gauge couplings~(gQGCs), which can be contributed by dimension-8 operators in the framework of the Standard Model effective field theory, and are intensively studied recently. In this paper, we study the sensitivity of the process $\mu^+\mu^-\to j j \nu\bar{\nu}$ to gQGCs. Our result indicate that the muon colliders with c.m. energies larger than $4\;{\rm TeV}$ can be more sensitive to gQGCs than the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Searching for anomalous quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders using principle component analysis

Searching for new physics~(NP) is one of the areas of high-energy physics that requires the most processing of large amounts of data. At the same time, quantum computing has huge potential advantages when dealing with large amounts of data. The principal component analysis~(PCA) algorithm may be one of the bridges connecting these two aspects. On the one hand, it can be used for anomaly detection, and on the other hand, there are corresponding quantum algorithms for PCA. In this paper, we investigate how to use PCA to search for NP. Taking the example of anomalous quartic gauge couplings in the tri-photon process at muon colliders, we find that PCA can be used to search for NP. Compared with the traditional event selection strategy, the expected constraints on the operator coefficients obtained by PCA based event selection strategy are even better.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Cancer stem cell subsets and their relationships

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells account for the initiation and progression of cancer. While many types of cancer stem cells with specific markers have been isolated and identified, a variety of differences among them began to be appreciated. Cancer stem cells are hierarchical populations that consist of precancerous stem cells, primary cancer stem cells, migrating cancer stem cells and chemoradioresistant cancer stem cells, playing different roles in cancer initiation and progression. Here we propose a new concept "horizontal hierarchy of cancer stem cells" to distinguish them from vertical hierarchy cancer stem cells, cancer transient-amplifying cells and cancer differentiated cells, and summarize our current understanding of these subsets of cancer stem cells with the aim to open up novel therapeutic strategies for cancer based on this understanding

Strong supersymmetric quantum effects on top quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron

The supersymmetric QCD corrections to top quark pair production by $q\bar q$ annihilation in $p\bar p$ collisions are calculated in the minimal supersymmetric model. We consider effects of the mixing of the scalar top quarks on the corrections to the total $t\bar t$ production cross section at the Fermilab Tevatron. We found that such correction is less sensitive to squark mass and gluino mass than in no-mixing case, and in both cases the corrections can exceed 10\% even if we consider the recent CDF limit on squark and gluino masses.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Phys.Lett.B in Apr.1,199

Multivalent Polyanionic 2D Nanosheets Functionalized Nanofibrous Stem Cell-based Neural Scaffolds

Because developed neural cells are no longer regenerative and proliferative, achieving neural regenerations by using induced pluripotent stem cells (IPS cells) for nerve diseases have recently attracted much attention. Since the IPS cells' growth and differentiation can be manipulated by different physical and chemicals cues, scaffolds combining the beneficial nanostructures and extracellular matrix may become an ideal interface to promote IPS cells' neural differentiation. In this work, a biocompatible and multivalent polyanion, hyperbranched polyglycerol sulfate, is used to modify the graphene oxide to obtain bio-adhesive 2D nanosheets. After coating electrospinning nanofibers, the 2D nanosheets-functionalized nanofibrous scaffolds are applied to mediate the proliferation, lineage specification, and neural differentiation of IPS cells. The results suggest that the modified scaffolds can improve the adhesion and proliferation of IPS cells combined with high efficiency in maintaining their stemness. During the neural differentiation process, the scaffolds can promote neural differentiation and their maturity, meanwhile decreasing the lineage specification toward astrocyte. Overall, this study not only provides new multivalent/bio-adhesive nanofibrous scaffolds that integrate the chemical and physical cues to facilitate the targeted neural differentiation of IPS cells but also presents a novel pathway for the fabrication of carbon nanomaterials-based biocomposites in regenerative therapies

A Copper Single-Atom Cascade Bionanocatalyst for Treating Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Diabetic Ulcer

Diabetic ulcers induced by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have severely endangered diabetic populations. These ulcers are very challenging to treat because the local high glucose concentration can both promote bacterial growth and limit the immune system's bactericidal action. Herein, a glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOx-POD) dual-enzyme mimetic (DEM) bionanocatalyst, Au@CuBCats is synthesized to simultaneously control glucose concentration and bacteria in diabetic ulcers. Specifically, the AuNPs can serve as GOx mimics and catalyze the oxidation of glucose for the formation of H2O2; the H2O2 can then be further catalytically converted into OH via the POD-mimetic copper single atoms. Notably, the unique copper single atoms coordinated by one oxygen and two nitrogen atoms (CuN2O1) exhibit better POD catalytic performance than natural peroxidase. Further DFT calculations are conducted to study the catalytic mechanism and reveal the advantage of this CuN2O1 structure as compared to other copper single-atom sites. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the outstanding antibacterial therapeutic efficacy of the DEM bionanocatalyst. This new bionanocatalyst will provide essential insights for the next generation of antibiotic-free strategies for combating MDR bacterial diabetic ulcers, and also offer inspiration for designing bionanocatalytic cascading medicines

Augmenting intrinsic fenton-like activities of MOF-derived catalysts via N-molecule-assisted self-catalyzed carbonization

To overcome the ever-growing organic pollutions in the water system, abundant efforts have been dedicated to fabricating efficient Fenton-like carbon catalysts. However, the rational design of carbon catalysts with high intrinsic activity remains a long-term goal. Herein, we report a new N-molecule-assisted self-catalytic carbonization process in augmenting the intrinsic Fenton-like activity of metal–organic-framework-derived carbon hybrids. During carbonization, the N-molecules provide alkane/ammonia gases and the formed iron nanocrystals act as the in situ catalysts, which result in the elaborated formation of carbon nanotubes (in situ chemical vapor deposition from alkane/iron catalysts) and micro-/meso-porous structures (ammonia gas etching). The obtained catalysts exhibited with abundant Fe/Fe–Nx/pyridinic-N active species, micro-/meso-porous structures, and conductive carbon nanotubes. Consequently, the catalysts exhibit high efficiency toward the degradation of different organic pollutions, such as bisphenol A, methylene blue, and tetracycline. This study not only creates a new pathway for achieving highly active Fenton-like carbon catalysts but also takes a step toward the customized production of advanced carbon hybrids for diverse energy and environmental applications